Understanding Environmental Allergies in Pets

Environmental allergies are a common issue for pets, just as they are for people. From pollen to dust mites, pets can be sensitive to a range of allergens in their surroundings. As veterinarians, it’s important to educate pet owners on recognizing and managing these allergies to keep their pets comfortable and healthy. Here’s what you need to know about environmental allergies in pets, including symptoms, triggers, and treatment options.

What Are Environmental Allergies?

Environmental allergies in pets, also known as atopic dermatitis, occur when a pet’s immune system overreacts to substances in their environment. These allergens are typically inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Pets can develop environmental allergies to:

• Pollen (trees, grasses, weeds)

• Mold spores

• Dust mites

• Animal dander (from other pets or wild animals)

• Certain fabrics or materials

Unlike food allergies, which are triggered by ingested proteins, environmental allergies are often seasonal, worsening in spring and fall due to higher pollen counts. However, indoor allergens can cause symptoms year-round.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Environmental Allergies

Pets with environmental allergies can show a range of symptoms. While some symptoms are visible on the skin, others may manifest as respiratory or behavioral changes. Common symptoms include:

• Itching and scratching: Pets may scratch or bite at their skin, especially around the face, paws, and underarms.

• Red, irritated skin: Inflamed areas, sometimes with scabs or hot spots, are common in allergic pets.

• Ear infections: Chronic ear infections can be a symptom of allergies, especially if they recur frequently.

• Excessive licking: Pets may lick their paws or other body parts as a way to relieve itching.

• Respiratory issues: Though less common, some pets may experience sneezing or watery eyes.

Diagnosing Environmental Allergies

To diagnose environmental allergies, veterinarians will first rule out other possible causes of symptoms, such as food allergies, parasites, or infections. Skin or blood tests can be used to identify specific allergens. In some cases, an intradermal allergy test (skin test) may be done to pinpoint specific environmental triggers.

Treatment and Management of Environmental Allergies

While environmental allergies can’t be cured, they can be managed effectively to improve a pet’s quality of life. Treatment options include:

1. Antihistamines: These can help relieve mild to moderate allergy symptoms, though they are often more effective when combined with other treatments.

2. Topical treatments: Shampoos, sprays, and creams specifically designed for pets with allergies can help soothe itchy skin and reduce inflammation.

3. Omega-3 fatty acids: Adding omega-3 fatty acids to a pet’s diet can help strengthen their skin barrier and reduce inflammation, making them less sensitive to environmental allergens.

4. Immunotherapy: Allergy shots or oral drops can gradually desensitize a pet to specific allergens. This can be a good option for pets with severe allergies or those that don’t respond well to other treatments.

5. Environmental control: Minimizing exposure to allergens can also help. This may include using HEPA filters, cleaning your home regularly, and wiping down your pet’s paws and coat after they’ve been outdoors.

6. Steroids: In severe cases, corticosteroids may be used to control symptoms, though they’re generally prescribed for short-term use due to side effects with prolonged use.

7. For more severe and /or chronic allergies, other medications, such as Cytopoint injections or Apoquel may be needed.

Minimizing Future Allergy “Flares”

While not all environmental allergies are preventable, pet owners can take steps to reduce exposure to allergens:

• Keep pets indoors during peak pollen seasons, if possible.

• Clean and vacuum the house frequently to reduce dust and dander buildup.

• Bathe pets regularly with gentle, allergy-specific shampoos.

• Use air purifiers to help filter out pollen and other allergens from the air.

The Role of Regular Check-ups

Environmental allergies can worsen over time if left untreated, so regular veterinary check-ups are crucial. Veterinarians can help monitor a pet’s symptoms, adjust treatment plans as necessary, and provide preventive care that can improve a pet’s overall well-being.

Environmental allergies are challenging, but with the right management, pets can live comfortable, happy lives. By educating pet owners about the symptoms, triggers, and treatment options, veterinarians can help pets find relief from their allergies and improve their quality of life.